Works Cited and Bibliography Formats
 

Credit should always be given for anyone else's ideas or words used.  
 
Bibliographies and works cited lists are ways to document information sources used.
  • A bibliography is an alphabetized list of information sources.
  • A works cited list is the part of a formal research paper that lists, in bibliographic format, all the sources actually cited within the body of the report.
  • An annotated bibliography contains a short description of the information source after each citation.
Use these links for help in creating bibliographic citations:
Books  Images  CD-ROM Articles
Encyclopedias & Database Sources CD Recordings Pamphlets
Magazine/Newspaper Articles Television or Radio Programs Interviews
Free Internet Sites  

Videocassette & DVD

Month Abbreviations
 

Other Helpful Links 
Citing Sources in the Text Copyright Questions How to Prepare an Annotated Bibliography
Bibliography Example  MLA Citation Style  
Plagiarism:  What it is and How to Recognize and Avoid It The Owl at Purdue University - Writing tips and style guide UW Madison - Annotated Bibliographies

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Month Abbreviations

Abbreviate the names of the months in the list of works cited, except for May, June and July.
a January Jan. a
a February Feb. a
a March Mar. a
a April Apr. a
a May May a
a June June a
a July July a
a August Aug. a
a September Sept. a
a October Oct. a
a November Nov. a
a December Dec. a
a a

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a

BOOKS

Author's last name, First name. Book Title.  City:  Publisher, Date.

Examples:

One Author
Sarna, Jonathan. American Judaism. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 2004.
a
Two or Three Authors (note how 2nd and 3rd authors are listed first name followed by last name)
Bowen, Mark, and Jim Hill.  The Vietnam War.  London: Greenwood Press, 2003.
aa
More Than Three Authors
Baker, Charlene, et al. Watching Through a Child's Eyes.  Alexandria, VA:
aa
      Time-Life Books, 2003.
a
An Anonymous Book (no author listed)
What Your Dreams Mean. New York: Hyperion, 2002.
a
Book with an Editor and No Author
Johnson, Katy, ed. The Car and Its Future.  New York: Wilson, 2004.
 
A Single Work from an Anthology (i.e. essay, short story, poem)
Kipling, Rudyard. "How the Rhinoceros Got His Skin." Collected Kipling. 
a
      Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Scribner, 2001. 83-88.
 
Translation
Wolfram, Henry. History of the Goths. Trans. Thomas Dunlap. Berkeley:
 
      Univ. of Chicago Press, 1998.
 
Online Book
Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. Ed. Henry Churchyard. 16 Nov. 2004
 
      <http://www.pemberley.com/janeinfo/janewrit.html>.
 

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Encyclopedias & Database Sources

 Online Encyclopedia or Database Source
Author's Last Name, First Name. "Article Title." Database Name.  Copyright Date.  Publisher.   Download Date 
a     <URL>.  
Examples:
 
Block, Seymour Stanton. "America's Inventor." History Reference Center. 24 Feb. 2006.
 
           EBSCO Publishing. 15 May 2006 <http://web.ebscohost.com>.
 
Clemmitt, Marcia. "Rising Health Costs." TheCQ Researcher. 7 Apr. 2006. CQ Press. 26 May 2006
 
          <http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/cqresrre2006040700>.
 
Dondit, Randy. "Cloning Research Would Not Benefit Humans." Opposing Viewpoints. 6 Dec. 2004.
 
         Thomson Gale. 13 Jan. 2005 <http://draweb2.hplibrary.org>.
 
Gaith, Lilly. "Huntington Disease." Gale Virtual Reference Library. 2005. Thomson Gale.
 
          8 March 2007 <http://find.galegroup.com>.
 
"Impressionism."  The Grove Dictionary of Art Online.  2004. Oxford University Press.  10 May
a
a     2004  <http://www.groveart.com/index.html>.
 
"Kenya."  Discovering Collection. 2004. Thomson Gale.  13 May 2004 
 
a       <http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/DC>.
 
Moore, Thomas. "Acid Rain."  Encyclopedia Britannica Online. 2005.  Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc.  
a
    2    5 Jan. 2005  <http://www.search.eb.com/>.
 
"U.S.-Mexico Border Enforcement." Issues & Controversies. 9 Jan. 2006.  Facts On File News Services.
 
        5 July 2006 <http://www.2facts.com>.
 
Zieman, Gayle. "Bipolar Disorder in Children and Teens." Health & Wellness Resource Center.
a
         14 Jan. 2006. Thomson Gale. <http://draweb2.hplibrary.org>.
 
Print Encyclopedia
a
Author.  "Article Title."  Encyclopedia Name.  Edition.
Example:
Pettigrew, Thomas. "Racism." The World Book Encyclopedia. 2004 ed.
a
 
Multivolume Work
 
Author/Editor. Title. Volume number. City: Publisher, Date.
Example:
Ciment, James, editor. Encyclopedia of American Immigration. Vol. 1.
 
          Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 2001.

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CD Recordings 

Artist. Title of CD.  Distributor, Year.

Example:
John, Elton. Peachtree Road.  Universal Records, 2004.
 

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CD-ROM Articles

 "Title of Article." Title of Publication.  CD-ROM. edition. Place of Publication:  Publisher, Year.
Example:
"Sepoy Rebellion." Microsoft Encarta  Encyclopedia. CD-ROM. 2001 ed.
a
      New York: Microsoft, 2001.
 

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Interviews 

Person being interviewed.  Type of Interview.  Date of Interview.

Example:
O'Connell, Amanda. Personal Interview. 7 Jan. 2004.

Note: If interview is conducted over the telephone or email, use the label Telephone Interview or Email Interview.

Published Interview

Person Interviewed. Interview. Title of Publication. Place of publication. Date.

Example:
Breslin, Jimmy. Interview with Neal Conan. Talk of the Nation. National Public
 
      Radio. Chicago. 26 Mar. 2004.

Online Interview

Person Interviewed. Interview. Title of show. Date of Interview. Download Date <URL>.

Example:
Goldsmith, Jerry. Interview. NPR Fresh Air. Jan. 2002. 25 Sept. 2003
 
      <http://discover.npr.org/features/feature.jhtml?wfId=1135963>.
 

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Magazine/Newspaper Articles 

Includes Internet articles from SIRS, Electric Library, Infotrac, New York Times, etc.
a
On-Line Magazine Article
Author.  "Article Title." Magazine Title Magazine Date: page nos.  Database Name. Download Date  <URL>.
Examples:
 
Lamb, Gregory M. "Beyond the Mirage of Cell Science."  US News and World
 
      Report 16 Sept. 2004: 37-40. General Reference Center Gold. 15 Nov. 2004 <http://draweb2.hplibrary.org>.
 
Slater, Byron. "Common Sense on Immigration Reform." Business Week 1 May 2006.
 
        eLibrary. 23 May 2006 <http://elibrary.bigchalk.com>.
 
On-Line Newspaper Article
Author.  "Article Title." Newspaper Title  Date, Section: Page numbers. Database Name. Download Date  <URL>.
Examples:
 
Holland, Gina. "Supreme Court Considers Workers' Rights." Chicago Tribune  4 Nov. 2004, A:27.
a
       Chicago Tribune Online. 12 Nov. 2004 <http://proquest.umi.com>.
 
Lippon, David. "Votes on Human Rights." Christian Science Monitor 22 Mar. 2006. SIRS.
 
        24 Apr. 2006 <http://sks.sirs.com>.
a
Print Newspaper Article
Author.  "Article Title." Newspaper Title  Date, edition (if provided): section and page nos.
Example:
O'Connor, Matt. "Scouts Lose Military Sponsors."  Chicago Tribune
a
       16 Nov. 2004, final ed.: B1+. 
 
Print Magazine Article
Author.  "Article Title." Magazine Title Magazine Date: page nos.
Example:
Ballard, Chris. "One-Man Showtime." Sports Illustrated  15 Nov. 2004: 44-50.
 

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Pamphlets 
A
Author.  Title of pamphlet.  Place published: Publisher/organization, Date.
Examples:
Clark, Philip. Suicide Prevention for Young Adults...Helping a Friend. Northfield, IL: North Shore
 
      Youth Health Service, 2003.
a
Pamphlet with No Author or Publication Information Stated
Title. [Place of Publication]: n.p. (no publication information), n.d. (no date)
Pedestrian Safety. [United States]: n.p., n.d.
 
Culturegrams
Print:
"Country." CultureGrams YEAR. Orem, UT:  CultureGrams, YEAR.
Example:
"Zimbabwe." CultureGrams 2006. Orem, UT:  CultureGrams, 2006.
 

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Television or Radio Programs 

a
"Title of segment." Title of Program. Narrator's name. Network name, Call letters, City of Broadcast. Broadcast date.
a
Example:
"Public Funding for Stem Cell Research." ABC 20/20. Stone Phillips. ABC, WLS, Chicago. 29 Oct. 2004.
a
Online Transcript of Television/Radio Show:
Add Transcript. Database Name, Download Date <URL>.
a
Example:
"Bill Clinton Returns." CNN Crossfire.  CNN,  25 Oct. 2004. Transcript.   
 a     a
a    Electric Library.   10 Nov. 2004 <http://elibrary.bigchalk.com>.
 

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Videocassette, DVD or Slide Program

a
Title.  Director. Medium.  Distributor, Year.
a
Example:
Bend It Like Beckham. Dir. Gurinder Chadha. DVD. Twentieth Century Fox, 2003.
 

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Images 

 
Online Painting, Sculpture or Photograph:
Photographer or Artist's Name.  Title or Description of Image.    Author of Web Site. 
       Title of Web Site.  Associated Organization.  Download Date  <URL>.
 a   
Example:
Lange, Dorothea.  Photograph of Mother and Three Children in a California Squatter Camp.
 
     American Memory.  Library of Congress. 08 Oct. 2003  <http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/
 
      query/r?ammem/dag:@field(SUBJ+@band>.  
a
Photograph or Work of Art from a Book:
Photographer or Artist's Name.  Title or Description of Image. Institution or Private Owner. Title of Book.  By Author. 
        City:  Publisher,  Year.  Page, figure, or plate number.
a
Example:
Vermeer, Jan.  The Milkmaid. The Art Institute. Vermeer: The Complete Paintings. By Norbert Schneider. 
 
         New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 2001. 65..
a
Personal Photograph:
Description of Photograph.  Photographer.  Date.
Example:
Saint Paul's Cathedral, London.  Personal Photograph by Mr. Lorenz.  7 Mar. 2004.
a

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"Free" Internet Sites

Articles from purchased Internet databases such as
 Infotrac, SIRS, New York Times, Electric Library, etc. should not be cited using this format.
Use the magazine/newspaper formats.
 

Document or Article from Internet Site:

Author. "Article Title." Internet Site Title. Date. Associated Organization. Download Date  <URL>.

Example:

Hall, Laverne. "Welcome to the Planets." Planetary Data System. 23 Dec. 2004. NASA.

 

      5 Jan. 2005 <http://pds.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/welcome.htm>.
 
 
 

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Sample Bibliography or Works Cited

The American President. Videocassette. PBS Home Video, 2004.
 
Annals of America. 20 vols. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2003.
 
Martin, Paul. "Stephen Lewis: Targeting AIDS in Africa." Time. 18 Apr. 2005: 92. InfoTrac.
 
       24 Mar. 2006 <http://draweb2.hplibrary.org>.
 
Miller, Eric. "Presidential Campaign Slogans." Presidents of the United States. CB Presidential
 
      Research Services. 31 Oct. 2004 <http://www.presidentsusa.net/campaignslogans.html>.
 
Raasch, Chuck. "Electoral College Debate Intensifies." Gannett News Service
 
      24 Sept. 2004. SIRS. 18 Nov. 2004 <http://www.sirs.com>.
 
Roseboom, Eugene H. and Alfred E. Edkes, Jr. A History of Presidential Elections: From
 
      George Washington to George W. Bush. New York: Macmillan, 2005.
 
Strachan, Cherie. "The 2004 Presidential Campaign: A Communication Perspective."
 
      Presidential Studies Quarterly 3 Jan. 2005: 182. Electric Library. 5 Jan. 2005
 
      <http://elibrary.bigchalk.com>.
 
Watts, J.F., ed. Presidential Documents: The Speeches, Proclamations, and Policies That
 
      Have Shaped the Nation From Washington to Clinton. New York: Rutledge, 2000.
 
"What is the Electoral College?" Project Vote Smart. 2004. Project Vote Smart. 18 Nov. 2004
  
      <http://www.vote-smart.org/election_president_what_is_electoral_college.php>.
 
Young, Ed. "Conventional Wisdom." Newsweek 15 Nov. 2004: 9.
 

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