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Citation Manual - MLA

*The citations were created using the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, Sixth Edition and A Pocket Style Manual, FourthEdition
 
Credit should always be given for anyone else's ideas or words used.  

Bibliographies and works cited lists are ways to document information sources used.

A bibliography is an alphabetized list of information sources.
A works cited list is the part of a formal research paper that lists, in bibliographic format, all the sources actually cited within the body of the report.
An annotated bibliography contains a short description of the information source after each citation.

Citation Guides

Books Free Internet Sites Maps
CD-Rom Articles Images Pamphlets
CD Recordings Interviews Television Programs
Dictionary Entry Magazine/Newspaper Articles Videocassette/DVD Programs
Encyclopedia and Reference Sources Article from a Scholarly Journal Blog Entry

Other Helpful Links

Works Cited Page Example Month Abbreviations
Database Citation Examples Plagiarism: What It Is and How to Recognize It and Avoid It 
In-text Citations

 

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Month Abreviations

Abbreviate the names of the months in the list of works cited, except for May, June and July.

a January Jan. a
a February Feb. a
a March Mar. a
a April Apr. a
a May May a
a June June a
a July July a
a August Aug. a
a September Sept. a
a October Oct. a
a November Nov. a
a December Dec.

 

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BOOKS

Print Books

Online Books from Subscription Databases

 

Author's last name, First name. Book Title.  City:  Publisher, Date.

Examples:

One Author

     Zubrin, Robert.   Entering Space: Creating a Spacefaring Civilization. New York: Putnam Publishing, 1999.
a
Two Authors

     Johnson, Ted, and Mark Donnelly.  The Vietnam War.  London: Greenwood Press, 1999.
a
Three Authors

     Slater, Fran E., Jason M. Tyler, and Claudia Liang.  The History of England.  London: Greenwood Press, 2005.
More Than Three Authors
    Roberts, Simon, et al. The Complete Java 2 Certification Study Guide. San Francisco, CA: Sybex, 2003.
 
An Anonymous Book (no author listed)
    1999 People Weekly Almanac. New York: Cader, 1998.
Book with an Editor

   Jackson, Doreen, ed.  The Cambridge Book of Mythology.  London: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

For mulitple editors, use the abbreviation "eds."

 
Book with Author and Editor
  Walker, Janice.  A Season of Change. Ed. John Muller.  New York: Beacon Press, 2002.
Book with an Editor and No Author
    Feldman, Paula, ed.  British Women Poets of the Romantic Era.  Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1997.
A Single Work from an Anthology
    Paley, Grace. "A Warning." Telling and Remembering: A Century of American Jewish Poetry.  Ed. Steven J. Rubin. 
a            Boston: Beacon Press, 1997. 26-31.
 

Multi-volume Set of Books

    Bianco, David, ed.  Contemporary Musicians. Vol. 2.  Detroit: UXL-Gale, 1998. 6 vols.
   (If you use more than one volume, give total numbers of volumes, i.e. 20 Vols.)

 

Encyclopedia Entry

    Smith, Shanice. "American Poetry." The New Encyclopedia of America. 3rd ed. 2003. 
    Pettigrew, Thomas. "Racism." The World Book Encyclopedia. 2004 ed.    

(Use this format for general encyclopedias.)

Online Books From Subscription Databases
a

Author. "Article Title." Book Title. Copyright Date. Name of Database. Name of Subscription Service. Library,  Library Location. Access Date  <abbreviated URL>.

a
Smith, Sally.  "Intravenous Drug Use".  Illegal Drugs: America's Anguish. 2004. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center.

            Deerfield High School Lib., Deerfield, IL. 4 Feb. 2005 <http://find.galegroup.com/>.
a

"China's Muslim Challenge: Conflict in Xinjiang." History Behind the Headlines: The Origins of Conflicts Worldwide. Vol 3. 2001.

            Gale Virtual Reference Library. Deerfield High School Lib., Deerfield, IL. 3 Mar. 2002 <http://galenet.galegroup.com/>.
          

The Bible

Holy Bible:  New Living Translation.  Wheaton: Tyndale, 1996.

 

 

 

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CD-ROM Articles

 Title of Article. Title of Publication.  CD-ROM. edition. Place of Publication:  Publisher, Year.
Example:
"Sepoy Rebellion." Microsoft Encarta  Encyclopedia. CD-ROM. 2001 ed. Redmond: Microsoft, 2001.
a

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CD Recordings 

Artist. Title of CD.  Distributor, Year.

Example:

Shocked, Michelle. Arkansas Traveler.  Polygram Records, 2002.

 

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Dictionary Entry

Example:

"Destitute." The Oxford English Dictionary.  3rd ed. 2002.

 

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Encyclopedias & Reference Sources

 Online Encyclopedia
Author. "Article Title." Original Source.  Edition. Name of Database. Name of Subscription Service. Library, Library Location. Download Date  URL.  
a
Examples:
“Niger.” Culture Grams World Edition. 2007. Culture Grams. Proquest CSA. Deerfield High

                   School Lib., Deerfield, IL. 15 May 2007 <http://online.culturegrams.com>.

 
Martin, Thomas. "Acid Rain."  World Book. 2005. World Book Online Reference Center. Deerfield High School Lib.,

                    Deerfield, IL.  5 June 2002 < http://www.worldbookonline.com>.
       "Degas, Edgar."  Grove Dictionary of Art.  2006. Grove Dictionary of Art Online. Deerfield High School Lib., Deerfield, IL. 10 May

                     2002  <http://www.groveart.com/>.
Reference Source
       Hansen, James R. "Women's Rights Movement." Columbia Encyclopedia. 2002 ed.  eLibrary. 

                      Deerfield High School Lib., Deerfield, IL. 3 Mar. 2002  <http://elibrary.bigchalk.com>.

 

"China's Muslim Challenge: Conflict in Xinjiang." History Behind the Headlines: The Origins of Conflicts Worldwide. Vol 3. 2001.

            Gale Virtual Library. Deerfield High School Lib., Deerfield IL. 3 Mar. 2002 <http://galenet.galegroup.com/>.
          

Print Encyclopedia or a Multi-volume Reference Set
 

Multi-volume Set of Books

    Bianco, David, ed.  Contemporary Musicians. Vol. 2.  Detroit: UXL-Gale, 1998. 4 vols.
   (If you use more than one volume, give total numbers of volumes, i.e. 20 Vols.)

 

General Encyclopedia Entry

    Smith, Shanice. "American Poetry." The New Encyclopedia of America. 3rd ed. 2003. 
    Pettigrew, Thomas. "Racism." The World Book Encyclopedia. 2004 ed.   
 (Use this format for general encyclopedias.)

 

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"Free" Internet Sites

Articles from purchased Internet databases such as
EBSCO, SIRS, Chicago Tribune, Electric Library, etc. should not be cited using this format.

Use the magazine/newspaper/electronic book formats.

"Free" Internet Site:

Author. "Article Title." Title of web site. Date site was last updated. Sponsoring organization. Access date <URL>.

Examples:

Smith, James. "City Profile: San Francisco." CNN.com. 13 May 2002. Cable News Network.

      14 May 2002 <
http://www.cnn.com/travel/atevo/city/SanFrancisco/intro.html>.

"One Astronomer's Universe." Nova Online: Death Star. Jan 2002. PBS Online.

      14 May 2002 <
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/gamma/groot.html>.

Hamilton, Calvin J. "Views of the Solar System." Adler Planetarium. 12 Nov. 2003 < http://solarviews.com/eng/>.



" Free" Internet Site: from a newspaper or magazine.

Author.  "Article Title."  Title of web site.  Date of Publication. Access date.  < URL>.

Examples:

Biersdorfer, J.D.  "Religion Finds Technology."  New York Times on the Web  16 May 2002.  20 May 2002

      <http://www.nytimes.com/2002/05/16/technology/circuits/16chur.html>.



      


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Images 

 

Online Painting, Sculpture or Photograph:
Photographer or Artist's Name.  "Title or Description of Image."     Author of Web Site (if available). Title of Web

         Site. Associated Organization.   Download Date  <URL>.

       
 a   
Example:
Lange, Dorothea.  "Photograph of Mother and Three Children in a California Squatter Camp."  

              American Memory.  Library of Congress. 08 Oct. 2000 

             < http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/dag:@field(SUBJ+@band>.

         
a
Photograph or Work of Art from a Book:
Photographer or Artist's Name.  Title or Description of Image.  Title of Book.  By:  Author.  City:  
        Publisher,  Year.  Page, figure, or plate number.
a
Example:
Cassatt, Mary.  Mother and Child."  Literature and the Visual Arts.  By Murray Brian.  New York: 

              Doubleday, 2003.  275.

      
a
Personal Photograph:
Description of Photograph.  Photographer.  Date.
Example:
Saint Paul's Cathedral, London.  Personal Photograph by Author.  7 Mar. 2004.

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Interviews 

 

Person being interviewed.  Personal Interview.  Date of Interview.

Personal Interview

Example:

O'Connell, Amanda. Personal Interview. 7 Jan. 2003.

Note: If interview is conducted over the telephone, use the label Telephone Interview

Interview from the Free Intenet
a
Person being interviewed. Interview.  Title of Website. Date of Interview. Access date. <URL>
a

Clinton, Hilary. Interview. Bold Type. 8 Jan. 2002. 23 May 2003

           <http://www.randomhouse.com/boldtype/1102/clinton/interview.html>

Interview found in a Database such as E-Library

Author/Host. "Article Title." Original Source.  Date. Name of Database. Name of Subscription Service. Library, Library Location. Download Date  URL.  

Chadwick, Alex. "Profile: East Timor and Its Struggle to Plan a Future with Reduced Foreign Aid." National Public Radio. 14

aaaaaJuly 2004. E-Library. Deerfield High School Lib., Deerfield, IL. 9 Sept. 2005 <http://elibrary.bigchalk.com>.

          

 

 

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Magazine/Newspaper Articles 

Includes Internet articles from SIRS, Electric Library, EBSCO, etc.

a
Magazine Article From a Subscription Database
a
Author.  "Article Title." Magazine Title Magazine Date: page nos.  Name of Database.  Name of Subscription Service.  Library,  Library Location. Access Date  <abbreviated URL>.
Example:
Brown, Kurt. "Problem Adoptions."  The Atlantic  Jan. 2004: 37-40.  SIRS Researcher . SIRS Knowledge Source . 

              Deerfield High School Lib., Deerfield, IL.  5 June 2004  <http://sks3.sirs.com>.

Magazine Article From the Free Internet
a
Author.  "Article Title." Title of Website Magazine Date: page nos.  Access Date  <URL>.
Example:

Grossman, Lev. "The Real-Life Boy Wizard."  Time.com  29 Aug. 2005.  25 Aug 2005  

             <http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1096484,00.html>.

 

Smith, Ken. "Political Unrest."  Salon.com  15 Jan. 2004: 37-40.  5 June  2004  

             <http://www.salon.com/news/feature/2005/08/22//index.html>.

 
Print Magazine Article
Author.  "Article Title." Magazine Title Magazine Date: page nos.
Example:
Anderson, Kelli. "Going to the Dawgs." Sports Illustrated  15 Nov. 2001: 116-19.
a
Newspaper Article From a Subscription Database
Author.  "Article Title." Newspaper Title Date, Section: page nos.  Name of Database.  Name of Subscription Service.  Library,  Library Location. Access Date  <abbreviated URL>.
Example:
Mullen, William. "Dinosaur Bones in Sahara Prove a Monster Find." USA Today. 12 Nov. 2004, A3: 12-13.  

     MasterFILE Premier.  EBSCOhost.  Deerfield High School Lib., Deerfield, IL. 3 May 2000 

      <http://proquest.umi.com/>.

a
Newspaper Article From the Free Internet

Author. "Article Title." Newspaper Title Date. Access Date URL.

Example:

Martin, Andrew. "FDA Says Food From Cloned Animals is Safe." The New York Times 15 Jan. 2008. 20 Jan. 2008. <http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/15/business>.

Print Newspaper Article
Author.  "Article Title." Newspaper Title  Date, Section: page nos.
Example:
Mullen, William. "Dinosaur Bones in Sahara Prove a Monster Find."  Chicago Tribune   12 Nov. 2003, Metro: 3 - 12.
a
    

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Article from a Scholarly Journal from a Subcription Service

(i.e. FirstSearch)

 Author. "Article Title."Journal Title Volume number. Issue number (year): pgs. Name of Database.  Name of Subscription Service.  Library,  Library Location. Access Date 

aaaaa<abbreviated URL>.

Example:

Heaven, Patrick and Joseph Ciarrochi. "Personality and religious values among adolescents: A three-wave longitudinal analysis." The British Journal of Psychology 94.4 (2007): 681-94.

aaaaaWilsonSelectPlus. FirstSearch. Deerfield High School Lib., Deerfield, IL. 15 Jan. 2008 <http://newfirstsearch.oclc.org>.

 

 

 

 

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aPamphlets 

A
Author or Publishing organization.  "Title of pamphlet."  Place published: Publisher/organization, Date.
Examples:
Culturegrams.  "Vietnam."  Lindon, UT : Axiom Press, 2002.
a
Signed Pamphlet
Social Security Administration. "Your Social Security Number." Washington, D.C.: GPO 1993.
Pamphlet with No Author or Publication Information Stated
Pedestrian Safety. [United States]: n.p., n.d.

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Maps

Map from a Book

"Map Title." Book Title . Map. Place of Publication: Publisher, Date.

"Europe, World War II." Historical Maps of World War II.  Map. New York:  Random House, 2005.

Map from an Online Database

"Map Title."  Map.  Title of Original Source.  Database Name.  Name of Subcription Service.  Library, Library Location.

          Download Date  <URL>.

"The Growth of Russia."  Map.  Maps.com. E-Library. Deerfield High School Lib., Deerfield, IL. 6 Apr. 2005 

         <http://elibrary.bigchalk.com/>. 

Map from the free Internet

"Map Title."  Map.  Title of Web Site.  Copyright date.  Associated organization. Download date  < URL>.

 

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Television or Radio Programs 

a
"Title of segment." Title of Show. Narrator's name. Network name, City of Broadcast. Broadcast date.
a
Example:
"An Interview with Elton John." Barbara Walters Special. ABC. WISN, Milwaukee. 21 Mar. 1998.
a
Online Transcript of Television/Radio Show:
"Title of segment." Title of Show. Narrator's name. Network name, City of Broadcast. Broadcast date. Name of Database. Name of Subscription Service. Library,  Library Location.  Download Date  <URL>.
a
Example:
"Pollution in the Desert." Sixty Minutes.  Mike Wallace, narrator.  NBC, New York,  6 Mar. 1999.  
 a     a
a    E-Library. Deerfield High School Lib., Deerfield, IL.  5 May 2000   < http://elibrary.bigchalk.com>.

 

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Videocassette, DVD or Slide Program

a
Title. Director. Medium. Distributor, Year.
a
Example:
Transformers. Dir. Michael Bay. DVD. DreamWorks, 2007.

 

Blog Entry

a

Lastname, Firstname, "Title of individual blog entry." [Weblog entry.] Name of Weblog. Sponsoring organization if any. Date poster. (URL) Date accessed.

a
Example:

Valenza, Joyce K. "Citing a Blog Entry in MLA Style." [Weblog entry.] Neverending Search. Springfield Township High School. 10 Jan. 2007.

aaaaa(http://joycevalenza.edublogs.org/permalink06). 31 Jan. 2007.

 

 

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